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Silat, also known as silat pencak silat is an Indonesian martial art that includes kicking techniques, grappling techniques, and weapons. Silat is one of the oldest forms of unarmed fighting in the region that used to be practiced by warriors all over Indonesia. The main goal of silat is to use arms and legs in opposition to achieve dominance; it uses circular motion for strikes called cengkerik (windmill) and whip-like movement for fast transitioning or grappling. Silat is considered as one type of system fighting (lihir). It originated around the 16th century on the northern coastlines of Sumatra and Java Island with influences from Indian systems like kalarippayattu. Silat was first spread to the Malay Peninsula by Minangkabau and Javanese emigrants. In the 19th century, the Malays began to incorporate silat techniques into their fighting methods and systems they were already using such as kuntao and dim mak. When Europeans first arrived in Malaya, they noted that the fighting method used by the Malays were effective at close range without allowing space for European weapons' usefulness. The word silat is an umbrella term for all Indonesian martial arts, such as "pencak" (whip), "pedang" (sword), or "kuda kapak" (horse chopping). Silat fighters are called "silat master". The Javanese system of pencak silat is one of the most widespread indigenous Indonesian martial arts, practiced by Pencak Silat practitioners in West Java, Central Java, Bali and East Java. The word "pencak" (often written as "kacak") is an umbrella term for all Javanese martial arts that are characterized by striking techniques using weapons such as short stick called kriss or pedang, long stick called kait or bambu. The word pedang can also include different metal weapons such as knife, spear or axe ("swadwa"). The word silat is a Malay word derived from the Minangkabau language. In Malaysia, silat is a blanket term for all native body-oriented martial arts of the archipelago. Silat Melayu is a common name for the fighting style in Malaysia, where it is considered as popular as karate and taekwondo. Silat Melayu has been incorporated into Malaysian pencak silat by senior Malaysian Chinese silat masters such as Mestre Suib Chin Wah of Jalan Bukit Ho Swee, Singapore and Haji Sulaiman Isa of Malacca. There are also native silat in Malaysia that developed in the past and has been developed further in recent years by Mestre Caniago and Mestre Bohari at Pusat Silat Malaysia. The old name for the modern Indonesian style of pencak silat was "pilam putih" (lit: "red fly"). The original form of this art is practiced by Pencak Silat practitioners in Central Java such as "Dewan Pasar" (lit: Hall of Market), which established since 1815. This art has strong influences from traditional Javanese martial arts such as the gamelan music performance and dance. cfa1e77820
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